Tips for Initial state:
Liquid buffer solution: choose any of options 1-7 in add chemical
list.
Buffer acid(solid): choose options 3,4 to add chemical in liquid
Buffer acid(liquid): choose options 3,4 to add chemical in liquid in either
liquid or solid state
Buffer base(solid): choose options 2,5 to add chemical in liquid
Buffer base(liquid):choose options 2,5 to add chemical in either liquid
or solid state
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Examples for add chemical:
1.None: no chemical to add, just calculate pH of buffer
2.Buffer acid: add acetic acid to acetic acid/acetate buffer
3.Buffer base: add sodium acetat to acetic acid/acetate buffer
4.Chemical to convert acid to base: add NaOH to buffer acetic acid/acetate
can convert acetic acid to base acetate. 1 mole NaOH consumes 1 mole acetic acid
to 1 mole base. Consume mole ratio is 1.
5.Chemical to convert base to acid: add HCl to buffer acetic acid/acetate
can convert acetate to acetic acid
6.Chemical to cunsume acid: chemical to add just consumes acid and no significant
effect to base concentration.
7.Chemical to cunsume base: chemical to add just consumes base and no significant
effect to acid concentration.
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